Decision support system Wikipedia. A decision support system DSS is a system based information system that supports business or organizational decision making activities. DSSs serve the management, operations, and planning levels of an organization usually mid and higher management and help people make decisions about problems that may be rapidly changing and not easily specified in advancei. Decision support systems can be either fully computerized, human powered or a combination of both. While academics have perceived DSS as a tool to support decision making process, DSS users see DSS as a tool to facilitate organizational processes. Some authors have extended the definition of DSS to include any system that might support decision making and some DSS include a decision making software component Sprague 1. DSS as follows DSS tends to be aimed at the less well structured, underspecified problem that upper level managers typically face DSS attempts to combine the use of models or analytic techniques with traditional data access and retrieval functions DSS specifically focuses on features which make them easy to use by non computer proficient people in an interactive mode and. DSS emphasizes flexibility and adaptability to accommodate changes in the environment and the decision making approach of the user. DSSs include knowledge based systems. A properly designed DSS is an interactive software based system intended to help decision makers compile useful information from a combination of raw data, documents, and personal knowledge, or business models to identify and solve problems and make decisions. Typical information that a decision support application might gather and present includes inventories of information assets including legacy and relational data sources, cubes, data warehouses, and data marts,comparative sales figures between one period and the next,projected revenue figures based on product sales assumptions. HistoryeditThe concept of decision support has evolved mainly from the theoretical studies of organizational decision making done at the Carnegie Institute of Technology during the late 1. DSS became an area of research of its own in the middle of the 1. In the middle and late 1. EIS, group decision support systems GDSS, and organizational decision support systems ODSS evolved from the single user and model oriented DSS. According to Sol 1. DSS has been migrating over the years in the 1. Chapter 5. Information Systems Software. Software Overview. Computer hardware is virtually useless without computer software. Software is the programs that are. System Restore is a software program available in all versions of Windows 10 and Windows 8. System Restore automatically creates restore points, a memory of the. DSS was described as a computer based system to aid decision making in the late 1. DSS movement started focusing on interactive computer based systems which help decision makers utilize data bases and models to solve ill structured problems in the 1. DSS should provide systems using suitable and available technology to improve effectiveness of managerial and professional activities, and towards the end of 1. DSS faced a new challenge towards the design of intelligent workstations. In 1. Texas Instruments completed development of the Gate Assignment Display System GADS for United Airlines. This decision support system is credited with significantly reducing travel delays by aiding the management of ground operations at various airports, beginning with OHare International Airport in Chicago and Stapleton Airport in Denver. Colorado. 5 Beginning in about 1. OLAP began broadening the realm of DSS. As the turn of the millennium approached, new Web based analytical applications were introduced. The advent of more and better reporting technologies has seen DSS start to emerge as a critical component of management design. Examples of this can be seen in the intense amount of discussion of DSS in the education environment. DSS also have a weak connection to the user interface paradigm of hypertext. Both the University of Vermont. PROMIS system for medical decision making and the Carnegie Mellon ZOGKMS system for military and business decision making were decision support systems which also were major breakthroughs in user interface research. Furthermore, although hypertext researchers have generally been concerned with information overload, certain researchers, notably Douglas Engelbart, have been focused on decision makers in particular. TaxonomieseditUsing the relationship with the user as the criterion, Haettenschwiler6 differentiates passive, active, and cooperative DSS. A passive DSS is a system that aids the process of decision making, but that cannot bring out explicit decision suggestions or solutions. An active DSS can bring out such decision suggestions or solutions. A cooperative DSS allows for an iterative process between human and system towards the achievement of a consolidated solution the decision maker or its advisor can modify, complete, or refine the decision suggestions provided by the system, before sending them back to the system for validation, and likewise the system again improves, completes, and refines the suggestions of the decision maker and sends them back to them for validation. Another taxonomy for DSS, according to the mode of assistance, has been created by Daniel Power he differentiates communication driven DSS, data driven DSS, document driven DSS, knowledge driven DSS, and model driven DSS. A communication driven DSS enables cooperation, supporting more than one person working on a shared task examples include integrated tools like Google Docs or Microsoft Groove. A data driven DSS or data oriented DSS emphasizes access to and manipulation of a time series of internal company data and, sometimes, external data. A document driven DSS manages, retrieves, and manipulates unstructured information in a variety of electronic formats. A knowledge driven DSS provides specialized problem solving expertise stored as facts, rules, procedures, or in similar structures. A model driven DSS emphasizes access to and manipulation of a statistical, financial, optimization, or simulation model. Model driven DSS use data and parameters provided by users to assist decision makers in analyzing a situation they are not necessarily data intensive. Dicodess is an example of an open source model driven DSS generator. Using scope as the criterion, Power1. DSS and desktop DSS. An enterprise wide DSS is linked to large data warehouses and serves many managers in the company. A desktop, single user DSS is a small system that runs on an individual managers PC. Componentsedit. Design of a drought mitigation decision support system. Examples Of System Software Support' title='5 Examples Of System Software Support' />Three fundamental components of a DSS architecture are 671. The users themselves are also important components of the architecture. Development frameworkseditSimilarly to other systems, DSS systems require a structured approach. Such a framework includes people, technology, and the development approach. The Early Framework of Decision Support System consists of four phases Intelligence Searching for conditions that call for decision Design Developing and analyzing possible alternative actions of solution Choice Selecting a course of action among those Implementation Adopting the selected course of action in decision situation. Drag Slicks Or Radials Manual Transmission more. DSS technology levels of hardware and software may include The actual application that will be used by the user. This is the part of the application that allows the decision maker to make decisions in a particular problem area. The user can act upon that particular problem. This article explains Software Robustness and presents five Requirements for robust APIs. M. 319. Characteristics of equipment and principles governing the assignment of frequency channels between MHz for land mobile services. System software, or systems software, is computer software designed to provide a platform to other software. Examples of system software include operating systems.